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Yoga Sutras of Patanjali After reading many self development books on creative visualisation, mind control, power of the sub-conscious and self-actualisation, I got to studying Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, that changed my life. I realised that the previous books I had been reading, the crux of all that knowledge and much more had already been compiled more than 2500 years back by Maharishi Patanjali in the 196 Yoga Sutras. Each Sutra is a pearl of wisdom, to be properly chewed, digested and pra ...
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Swami Tattwamayananda’s exposition of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras was given at the Vedanta Society of Northern California, San Francisco (founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1900) from October 10, 2014 to December 21, 2018 in a series of 111 lectures. These lectures include a mixture of philosophy both Eastern and Western, history, psychology, comparative theology, mysticism, classical parables, and simple everyday examples. Patanjali was a great Indian sage who wrote major treatises on Ayurveda, Sa ...
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54th Sutra Chapter 2 When consciousness gets centered within by uncoupling from external objects, the senses do likewise;this is called withdrawal of the senses, Pratyahara. Pratyahara, or withdrawal of the senses and moving them inwards,away from external stimuli, is equated with a turtle pulling its limbs into its shell. Pratyahara is the fifth l…
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53rd Sutra Chapter 2And, the mind attains the ability to concentrate, to focus its attention.Pranayama is not only an instrument to steady and purify the mind to experience the prakash of the buddhi, the dawn of wisdom, as detailed in the last Sutra, but also the gateway to concentration, Dharana.Dharana is the sixth limb of AshtangaYoga, the eight…
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52nd Sutra Chapter 2Pranayama removes the veil covering the inner light of knowledge and heralds the dawn of wisdom.In essence, if we observe from the bottom of the sea floor, there are many a veils we would encounter.Firstly, the deposit on the sea floor, which could be linked with the Samskara deposit of Karma.Secondly, the muddied waters of the …
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51st Sutra Chapter 2: bThe second fundamental quality of the fourth Pranayama is that it ends Dualities. Non Duality is being undisturbed by Dualistic thinking.Being untouched by the crests and troughs of the thought waves disturbing the mind.Non Duality is becoming one with our inner self, the witness consciousness, the soul, the Purush within.Bec…
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51st Sutra Chapter 2: bThe first essential aspect of the fourth Pranayama is that it is effortless. Progressing from Doing the action to Being the action.As the effort starts becoming effortless, we start to align and merge with the infinite.Leading to a stable body, a blissful mind and actualisation of our infinite potential.——————————————- बाह्या…
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51st Sutra Chapter 2: aThe fourth Pranayama transcends the external and internal operations, and appears effortless and non-deliberate.The long and subtle movement of breath starts functioning without one’s effort.And a state of pause is experienced, in both the breath and the mind.The science and art of breath begins and ends with awareness.Everyt…
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50th Sutra Chapter 2: fBenefits of Pranayama are innumerable.Starting from the beneficial effects of Pranayama pose to the phenomenal effects of Basic Yogic breathing and Advanced Yogic breathing, all directly impacting our physical, mental and emotional health.Increasing the vitality, longevity and life force of the body, prompting the body to res…
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50th Sutra Chapter 2: eAdvanced Yogic Breathing involves first understanding our breath, and then slowing down the process of this breath.Our breath does not involve only inhalation and exhalation, but their are gaps between the two.Our breath has four stages: Inhalation, stoppage of breath, exhalation and stoppage of breath.Our Yogis realised that…
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Yoga Sutra 2.50 d: Yogic Breathing Pranayama: How to make our breath long and subtle through Desha, Kala and Samkhya50th Sutra Chapter 2: d How to make our breath long and subtle regulated through Desha, Kala and Samkhya, ie through Space, Time and Number.The basic form of Pranayama, Yogic Breathing works on all these three aspects to fulfil two pu…
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50th Sutra Chapter 2: cThe phases of Pranayama are exhalation, inhalation, and suspension.Observing them in space, time and number, one is able to render breathing more harmonious in duration and subtlety.As per Patanjali, where the attention goes, Pran flows.————————————बाह्याभ्यन्तरस्तम्भवृत्तिर्देशकालसंख्याभिः परिदृष्टो दीर्घसूक्ष्मः॥५०॥bāhya-āb…
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50th Sutra Chapter 2: bThe modifications of breath in exhalation, inhalation, and retention regulated by Desh (place), Kala (time) and Sankhya (number) leads to long and subtle breathing.Regulation by Desha means the location where the breath is directed, and how to regulate, observe and measure this aspect.————————————बाह्याभ्यन्तरस्तम्भवृत्तिर्दे…
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50th Sutra Chapter 2Pranayama has three movements:out-breath, in-breath and breath suspension,that are harmoniously regulated with precision,to become progressively long and subtle,when observed by means of location, time, and number.As we control our breath, we control our thoughts. And as we observe our breath,we get to observe our thoughts and e…
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49th Sutra Chapter 2: cPranayama is mastery of Pran, the universal life force, through the breath. Pranayama is considered in our Scriptures as Param Tapa that is the highest form of Tapa practice, that purifies all impurities in the body and the mind.——————————————तस्मिन् सति श्वासप्रश्वासयोर्गतिविच्छेदः प्राणायामःtasmin: on thissati: being accomp…
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49th Sutra Chapter 2: bThe cosmic energy is churned together through inhalation and exhalation for the production of the nectar of life.This is called Pranayama.——————————————तस्मिन् सति श्वासप्रश्वासयोर्गतिविच्छेदः प्राणायामःtasmin: on thissati: being accomplishedshvaasa: inhalationprashvaasayoh: exhalationgati: movementvichChedaH: regulation;pran…
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49th Sutra Chapter 2: aThat Asana having been perfected, regulation of the flow of inhalation and exhalation, is Pranayama.——————————————तस्मिन् सति श्वासप्रश्वासयोर्गतिविच्छेदः प्राणायामःtasmin: on thissati: being accomplishedshvaasa: inhalationprashvaasayoh: exhalationgati: movementvichChedaH: regulation;prana: cosmic energy ayama: churningpraaNa…
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48th Sutra Chapter 2From then on, the sadhaka is undisturbed by the dualities of the pairs of inseparable opposites.Like pain and pleasure, heat and cold, success and failure, honor and dishonour...His whole life is transformed.——————————————ततो द्वन्द्वानभिघातःtatah: consequently, then, at this pointdvandva: by the opposites, opposing pair, dualit…
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47th Sutra Chapter 2By relaxation of effort and absorption in the infinite, the posture is mastered.——————————————प्रयत्नशैथिल्यानन्त्यसमापत्तिभ्याम्॥prayatna-shaithilya-anantya-samaapattibhyaamprayatna: effortshaithilya: relaxationananta: the infinitesamaapattibhyaam: absorption of mind---------------------------…
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46th Sutra Chapter 2The posture of the body, as also the posture of the mind, or attitude to life, should be firm and pleasant.Through the Asans, as we develop the requisite strength, flexibility, endurance, balance, ease and comfort in the physical body, so do the same get developed in the mind, psychologically and emotionally. As the body gets to…
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45th Sutra Chapter 2By complete self surrender to God, perfection in Samadhi is attained.To realise our infinite self, we need to transcend our limitation, that is the ego.Surrender to God is the easiest way to overcome this obstacle, to reach the ultimate.——————————————समाधिसिद्धिरीश्वरप्रणिधानात्samaadhisiddhirIshvarapraNidhaanaat samaadhi: ultim…
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44th Sutra Chapter 2Svaadhyaya, union with knowledge leads to union with the Divine.Union with the chosen divinity comes from Svaadhyaya, the study of selfthrough the sacred texts.——————————————स्वाध्यायादिष्टदेवतासंप्रयोगःsvaadhyaayaa-diShTa-devataa-saMprayogaHsvaadhyaayaat: from study of self through study of sacred scriptures, iShTa: desired, pr…
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Sutra 2.43Through Tapas, the inner fire of self-discipline, impurities of body and senses are destroyed and supernatural powers gained.——————————————कायेन्द्रियसिद्धिरशुद्धिक्षयात्तपसःkaayendriyasiddhirashuddhikShayaattapasaHkaaya: the bodyindriya: sensessiddhih: perfection, supernatural powersashuddhi: impuritieskShayaat: destroyed tapasaH: inner …
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42nd Sutra Chapter 2Contentment brings supreme happiness.Eat cleanKeep fitBe contentThe supreme secret to happiness!——————————————संतोषादनुत्तमसुखलाभःsantoshad anuttamah sukhalabhahsantosha - contentmentanuttamah - supremesukha - happinesslabhah - gained.---------------------------
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41st Sutra Chapter 2Upon the purification of the mind, one attains cheerfulness, one pointedness, sense control and fitness, for the realisation of the Self.The first sign that we are becoming spiritual, is that we are becoming cheerful.When this comes, know that we are progressing in Yoga.——————————————सत्त्वशुद्धिसौमनस्यैकाग्र्येन्द्रियजयात्मदर्श…
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40th Sutra Chapter 2Purity and cleanliness guides us to protect and maintain our body like a temple, for the soul to reside within. We learn to see and appreciate the Cosmic beauty, rather than the cosmetic beauty, in ourselves as well as others.——————————————शौचात् स्वाङ्गजुगुप्सा परैरसंसर्गः //2.40//shauchat svanggajugupsa parairasansargah//2.40/…
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39th Sutra Chapter 2One who perseveres on the path of non-possessiveness, gains deep understanding of the meaning of life. The power of clairvoyance is developed, helping one to plan one’s future lives from this present life.——————————————————अपरिग्रहस्थैर्ये जन्मकथंतासंबोधःaparigrahasthairye janmakathantasanbodhah• aparigraha - non-receiving• stha…
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38th Sutra Chapter 2When the Sadhak is firmly established in Brahmcharya, knowledge, vigour, valour and energy flow to him.——————————————————ब्रह्मचर्यप्रतिष्ठायां वीर्यलाभःbrahmacharyapratishthayam viryalabhah· brahmacharya - channelising energies towards ultimate goal· pratishthayam - established· virya - energy, strength· labhah - gained.-------…
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37th Sutra Chapter 2When one is established in refrainment from stealing, precious jewels manifest.Upon the man who does not take what does not belong to him, all riches are showered.Being without desire, he effortlessly attracts what is precious, materially and figuratively, including the gem of all jewels, virtue.—————————————अस्तेयप्रतिष्ठायां स…
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36th Sutra Chapter 2On being firmly established in truthfulness the Yogi gets the power of attaining for himself and others the fruits of work without the work. When the sadhaka is firmly established in the practice of truth, his words become so potent that whatever he says comes to realization. The yogi achieves unity with truth.Whatever he says i…
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35th Sutra Chapter 2Around one who is solidly established in non-violence, all beings cease to be hostile.Love and warmth radiate from his being.Fear and discord vanish in his presence.By his example, he inspires people to give up enmity.——————————————अहिंसाप्रतिष्ठायां तत्सन्निधौ वैरत्यागःahimsapratishthayam tatsannidhau vairatyagah• ahimsa - non-…
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34th Sutra Chapter 2The obstacles to yoga- such as acts of violence and untruth or any of the acts contrary to the yama and niyam:- may be directly committed by oneself,performed on one’s behalf by another, or condoned of by oneself;either through greed, anger, or infatuation;whether mild, moderate, or intense,result in innumerable ignorances and m…
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33rd Sutra Chapter 2When harassed by doubt, cultivate the opposite mental attitude.Everything is creative twice.First in mind, and then in reality.So when our thoughts have so much power in our daily life, then why not make that reality a positive one.See the effects of changing your negative thoughts into positive ones and changing the reality.———…
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32nd Sutra Ch 2: 5th Niyama: Isvara PranidhanaWith lsvara pranidhana, self surrender to the divine, comes total surrender of the ego-sense.As the ego dissolves, the fears, the doubts, the worries, the expectations dissolve.If there is lsvara pranidhdna, one is in constant samadhi.——————————————————शौचसंतोषतपःस्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि नियमाःshauchas…
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32nd Sutra Ch 2: 4th Niyama: SvadhyayaSelf Study, ie., Svadhyaya reminds us that to fulfil the journey to Samadhi, we cannot be halfhearted in our efforts to look at ourselves, to look inside.If we know we are love and light, then we can never be tainted by the world around us.——————————————————शौचसंतोषतपःस्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि नियमाःshauchasant…
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32nd Sutra Ch 2: 3rd Niyama: TapasTapas ie., Self Discipline, is embracing pain as a friend and teacher.We can never change our life if we do not move out of the safe confines of our comfort zone.Change begins at the end of our comfort zone. ——————————————————शौचसंतोषतपःस्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि नियमाःshauchasantoshatapahsvadhyayeshvarapranidhanani…
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32nd Sutra Ch 2: 2nd Niyama: Santosha Santosha, ie., Contentment is developing the faith that steadies the mind.And is enough to take us to Self-realization.Put simply, the first two Niyams can be stated as follows:Eat clean.Get fit.Be content. We lack nothing.We only have to use what the Divine has already given us. ——————————————————शौचसंतोषतपःस्…
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32nd Sutra Ch 2: 1st Niyama: ShauchaTo achieve long term purity, we need to regulate what is allowed into our bodies as well as into our minds. Cleanliness is not only keeping our surroundings and environment clean, but it embraces and encompasses the whole being.A pure Body, mind, heart, and soul.———————————————शौचसंतोषतपःस्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि…
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32nd Sutra Chapter 2Who we are beyond the body in asana, and beyond the mind in meditation is where the Niyamas gently lead us. Without them, samadhi would be an impossible dream. The five internal principles of Niyam governing spiritual growth include, Shaucha (Purity), Santosha (Contentment), Tapah (Self-discipline), Svadhyaye (Self-study), Ishva…
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31st Sutra Chapter 2Yamas are the great, mighty, universal vows, not limited by class, place, time, or circumstance. Nonviolence and the other yamas must be practiced at all times,in all conditions, everywhere, irrespective of any considerations whatsoever.———————————————जातिदेशकालसमयानवच्छिन्नाः सार्वभौमा महाव्रतम् jatideshakalasamayanavachchhinna…
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30th Sutra Ch 2: 5th Yama: AparigrahaAparigraha stands for “Learning to let go.”When we embrace Aparigraha, we become like the fledgling bird. We were not born to stay clinging to a branch.We were born to soar, and in that moment we take flight.———————————————अहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यापरिग्रहा यमाःahimsasatyasteyabrahmacharyaparigraha yamah· ahims…
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30th Sutra Chapter 2: 4th Yama: BrahmcharyaBrahmcharya means finding out which desires come from our hearts, and which, are “mind made.”To discern which desires come from our own divinity,and which come from our restless minds. It means searching for the desire of the soul.What is it that we truly want?To answer such a question requires great coura…
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30th Sutra Chapter 2: 3rd Yama: AsteyaThe third of the yama is Asteya- a synthesis of contentment, simplicity, and charity.When there is this inner light,one manifests in himself the virtue of non-stealing.And that the key to abundance lies in giving. ———————————————अहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यापरिग्रहा यमाःahimsasatyasteyabrahmacharyaparigraha yamah…
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30th Sutra Chapter 2: 2nd Yama: SatyaTruthfulness should be observed in thought, word, and deed.Though even truthful words, if they cause harm to another, should not be spoken.Satya is not merely to speak the truth,but a constant search for the truth,recognising the distinction between fact and fiction, truth and opinion.There is a realisation that…
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30th Sutra Chapter 2: First Yama: AhimsaNon-violence is a subtle inner adventure leading to self-knowledge.Is it possible to lead one’s life never hurting another, yet also never being hurt oneself?———————————————अहिंसासत्यास्तेयब्रह्मचर्यापरिग्रहा यमाःahimsasatyasteyabrahmacharyaparigraha yamah· ahimsa - non-violence· satya - truth fulness· asteya…
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30th Sutra Chapter 2The five external disciplines of Yama include:Ahimsa (Non violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (Non-stealing),Brahmcharya (constant search for Brahman),Aparigraha (total absence of greed).When all hopes, aspirations, fears, anxieties, and motivations drop dead, what survives is this tremendous intelligence - you may call it t…
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27th Sutra Chapter 2The yogi’s true insights has seven ultimate stages.We require none else to make us happy, for we are happiness itself. We come to know we are ever blessed, ever perfect, almighty.One’s integration in the final stage is sevenfold.In the last state, the yogi will become peaceful and calm, never to feel any more pain, never to be a…
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26th Sutra Chapter 2The means of destruction of ignoranceis unbroken practice of discrimination, viveka-khyatihrViveka is the shifting of awareness from the object of perception to the power of perception itself ie Purusha. Ultimately it is pure consciousness knowing itself, as distinct from any object or experience.———————————————————विवेकख्यातिरव…
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25th Sutra Chapter 2When ignorance vanishes, so does union of our soul with nature, through the orchestration of the mind. This brings liberation for the seer.Our mind turns more readily to the world’s pleasures than to the vision of the soul. Our mind is a secret enemy, and a treacherous friend.—————————————————तदभावात् संयोगाभावो हानं तद् दृशेः क…
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24th Sutra Chapter 2Lack of spiritual understanding (avidya) is the cause of the false identification of the seer with the seen.Pure understanding begins the process of disownment and detachment, which releases us from the shackles of possessing and being possessed.———————————————————तस्य हेतुरविद्याtasya heturavidya* tasya - of that* hetuh - the c…
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23rd Sutra Chapter 2The connection of the seer with the seen, experiencer with the experience, gets him to discover his own true nature.—————————————————स्वस्वामिशक्त्योः स्वरूपोपलब्धिहेतुः संयोगःsvasvamishaktyoh svaroopopalabdhihetuh samyogah* sva - owned(Prakrti)* svami - owner(Purusha)* shaktyoh - of the powers* svaroopa - own nature* upalabdhi …
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22nd Sutra Chapter 2Before Self-realisation, nature is the centre of the universe.With liberation, the tables are turned.Nature is experienced as the dream, while the Self is the rock-solid reality.Although the seen ceases to exist for the liberated purusa whose purpose is accomplished, it has not ceased to exist altogether, since it still exists t…
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